中非合作论坛第五届部长级会议经贸举措内容解读
在2012年7月召开的中非合作论坛第五届部长级会议上，胡锦涛主席代表中国政府宣布了继续深化中非务实合作的新举措，明确了未来三年双方合作的方向和领域。按照中方在会上做出的承诺，在经贸领域，中方将实施扩大投融资合作、扩大发展援助和支持非洲一体化建设三个方面的举措。
新举措密切结合新形势下非洲国家的发展诉求和中非务实合作的需要，以发展为主题、以合作为主线，既是以往举措的延续，又突出了“多元、创新、可持续”的特点，充分发挥中非双方政府、民间、企业、金融机构、智库和媒体的合力，携手助力非洲经济增长，体现了中方高度重视中非传统友好、全面提升经贸合作水平、致力双方共同发展的良好愿望。
中国政府将和非洲国家共同努力、密切配合，认真落实本届部长级会议经贸举措的各项内容，帮助非洲国家改善民生、提升自主发展能力、推进一体化进程，不断为中非新型战略伙伴关系注入新的活力。
举措一、扩大投融资合作，为非洲可持续发展提供助力。提供200亿美元贷款额度，重点支持非洲基础设施、农业、制造业和中小企业发展。
政策解读：为落实中非合作论坛第四届部长级会议成果，2010年至今，中国政府向非洲提供了100亿美元优惠性质贷款，中方还扩大了中非发展基金的规模，设立了非洲中小企业发展专项贷款，支持了非洲国家在交通、电力、通讯、房建等各领域的建设，促进了中国对非投资的扩大和非洲中小企业的成长，巩固了非洲经济发展的基础，增强了非洲自主发展能力，提升了非洲在全球经济格局中的竞争力，受到了非方的普遍欢迎。近年来，基础设施、农业、制造业和中小企业已成为非洲国家亟待发展的领域，也是中非经贸合作实现转型升级和可持续发展的重点方向。为此，中国政府将继续向非洲国家提供200亿美元的贷款额度，重点支持双方在上述领域深入开展合作，缓解非洲在发展过程中资金不足的困难。200亿美元贷款额度由优惠性质贷款和商业贷款两部分组成，其中优惠性质贷款比第四届部长级会议优惠性质贷款100亿美元的规模有所增加。200亿美元贷款额度不按国别划分，实际提供的贷款种类和金额根据非方所提项目实际情况和评估结果确定。非方可结合自身经济发展规划，根据中方贷款的重点支持方向，加强对申请贷款项目的科学筛选，分出轻重缓急，与中方共同确保项目早日落实。
举措二：继续扩大对非援助，使发展成果惠及非洲百姓。适当增加援非农业技术示范中心，帮助非洲国家提高粮食生产、加工、储运和销售能力；派遣1500名医疗队员；继续开展“光明行”活动，为非洲白内障患者提供免费治疗；实施“非洲人才计划”，为非洲培训各类人才3万名，提供政府奖学金名额18000个；援助职业技术培训设施；援助文化设施；帮助非洲国家加强气象基础设施能力建设和森林保护与管理；继续援助打井供水项目。
政策解读：
1、继续扩大对非援助。非洲是中国对外发展援助的重点地区之一。近年来，非洲经济保持了较快增长速度，人民生活得到有效改善，但发展问题依然严峻，实现联合国千年发展目标的任务仍然艰巨。为支持非洲国家经济社会加快发展，中国政府将根据非方要求，继续提供力所能及的援助，并适当扩大援助规模，重点帮助非洲国家改善民生和加快各类公共服务和基础设施建设。非方可结合自身实际需要，与中国驻非洲国家使馆和经济商务参赞处密切沟通和协调，根据中方援助重点，提出农业、医疗、卫生、文化、教育、人才培训和环境保护等领域的具体项目需求，在项目选择、协议商签和项目实施等环节加强配合，确保有关项目早日落实。
2、援非农业技术示范中心。农业是民生之本，也是大部分非洲国家的支柱产业和优先发展领域，粮食安全事关非洲的发展稳定和脱贫减困。中国政府一贯重视与非洲在农业领域开展实质性合作，2006年中非合作论坛北京峰会以来，中国政府已在非洲援助建成了15个农业技术示范中心，正在规划实施另外7个农业技术示范中心，年内将兑现把“为非洲国家援建农业技术示范中心的数量增至20个”的承诺。通过农业技术示范中心，中国政府结合非洲国家的不同需求，传授推广农业生产管理经验和实用技术，帮助非洲加快提高农业自主发展能力。未来三年，中国政府将在总结现有农业技术示范中心工作的基础上，根据非洲国家实际情况，再安排实施适当数量的农业技术示范中心项目，进一步加强技术培训和示范推广，重点帮助非洲国家提高粮食生产、加工、储运和销售能力。
3、继续开展“光明行”活动。医疗卫生一直是中国对非援助的重点领域之一。长期以来，为帮助非洲国家改善医疗卫生条件，提高人民健康水平，中国向非洲提供了大量的医疗卫生领域援助。2006年中非合作论坛北京峰会以来，中方根据非洲国家的实际需求，已按照承诺在非洲援助了30所医院和30个疟疾防治中心，并提供了医疗设备物资和青蒿素抗疟药品。同时，中国有关部门、企业和医疗机构通过多种渠道，在非洲成功开展了治疗白内障患者的“光明行”活动，受到非洲民众的广泛欢迎，取得良好效果。为进一步加强中非在医疗卫生领域的合作，未来三年，中方将向有关非洲国家派遣医疗专家组继续开展“光明行”活动，为白内障患者提供免费治疗，帮助非洲患者重见光明。同时，中方还将提供白内障诊疗设备，安排非方有关医护人员来华接受白内障治疗临床培训，帮助非洲提高眼科医疗水平，使中非医疗合作更有效、更长久地服务于非洲人民。
4、实施“非洲人才计划”。中国政府高度重视与非洲国家在人力资源开发领域开展合作。在中非合作论坛北京峰会和第四届部长级会议上，中国政府分别承诺为非洲培训各类人才1.5万名和2万名，实际培训人数分别超过1.6万名和2万名，涵盖了经贸、外交、国防、公共行政管理、医疗卫生、农林牧渔业、教育、广电、科技、文化、环保、电信、交通、金融、能源等20多个领域，极大地促进了非洲自主发展能力建设。为继续加强中非之间的人力资源开发合作，未来三年，中国政府将继续为非洲培训各类人才3万名，重点培训非洲经济社会发展所急需的各领域人才。
5、援助职业技术培训设施。非洲青年劳动力数量众多，通过提高青年人职业技能，促进劳动力充分就业，是推动非洲国家社会经济稳定发展、将非洲人口红利转化为发展优势的有效途径。未来三年，中方将根据非洲实际情况，为有关非洲国家援助职业技术培训设施，包括援建基础设施、提供设备物资、派遣专家或开展技术合作等，重点帮助非洲青年掌握劳动技能，促进非洲就业率的提升。同时，为推动非洲实现联合国千年发展目标，提高非洲妇女就业能力，中方将专门安排针对非洲妇女从业技能的培训项目。
6、援助文化设施。中非合作论坛北京峰会以来，中非文化交流互动频繁，中方通过援助各类学校、派遣援外汉语教师和青年志愿者、派遣文艺演出团组、合作开展考古及文物修复等工作，进一步深化了中非人民之间的相互认知和了解，巩固了中非传统友谊。今后三年，中方将通过向非洲有关国家援助文化设施、开展广播电视、新闻出版等领域人员交流与项目合作等方式，进一步加大对非洲文化领域发展的援助力度。
7、援助气象设施和森林保护设备。生态环境保护和应对气候变化已成为全球发展所面临的共同课题，非洲在这一领域尤其需要国际社会在资金、技术和人才方面给予帮助。中国在气象监测、森林保护领域积累了一定成功经验，在中非经贸合作中一贯重视保护非洲的生态环境，始终倡导和谐与可持续的共同发展理念，并愿在“共同但有区别”的原则基础上，与非方分享相关经验，提供力所能及的帮助。为此，中方将在未来三年向有关非洲国家援助自动气象观测站、高空观测雷达站等设施，并提供森林保护设备，开展人员交流和研讨培训，以支持非洲加强应对气候变化和森林保护能力的努力。
8、援助打井供水项目。目前许多非洲国家还面临着较为严重的缺水和饮用水安全问题，约有3亿非洲人民生活在缺水的困境中，撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲地区有40%以上的居民缺少洁净饮用水。在2009年中非合作论坛第四届部长级会议上，中方宣布了援助非洲100个清洁能源和打井供水项目，这些项目落实进展顺利，其中实施了46个打井供水项目，为帮助非洲人民缓解吃水难问题发挥了积极作用。今后三年，中方将继续在非洲实施打井供水项目，帮助更多非洲人民获得清洁、安全的饮用水。
举措三：支持非洲一体化建设，帮助非洲提高整体发展能力。与非方建立非洲跨国跨区域基础设施建设合作伙伴关系，为项目规划和可行性研究提供支持，鼓励有实力的中国企业和金融机构参与非洲跨国跨区域基础设施建设；帮助非洲国家改善海关、商检设施条件，促进区域内贸易便利化。
政策解读：
1、开展跨国跨区域基础设施项目合作。近年来，随着非洲经济一体化进程的加速，非洲作为一个整体在世界政治经济格局中的地位不断上升，非洲各国政府愈发重视跨国跨区域项目在经济发展进程中的基础性作用。中国政府一贯支持非盟和非洲国家联合自强的努力，双方在跨国跨区域基础设施项目建设领域具有良好的合作条件和广阔的合作前景。对于非洲国家或区域组织提出的跨国跨区域基础设施项目建设需求，中方今后将根据项目的轻重缓急和项目实施所具备的条件，对较为成熟的重点项目帮助开展规划、可行性研究和工程设计等相关工作，并鼓励有实力的中国企业和金融机构参与项目的建设，探讨参与合作的融资新模式，进一步帮助非洲提高整体发展能力。
2、促进非洲区域内贸易便利化。非洲区内贸易的发展是非洲整体实现腾飞的重要内生动力，也是非洲经济健康、持续增长的关键因素之一。目前，区内贸易在非洲贸易总额中所占的比重仍然较低，发展潜力很大。中方愿在该领域向非方提供必要支持，分享发展经验，与非洲共同抵御区域外贸易形势变化和金融危机带来的冲击。今后三年，中方将帮助非洲有关国家改善海关和商检设施的条件，开展相关人员培训，提高非洲通关管理和检验检疫能力。
On behalf of the Chinese government, President Hu Jintao announced at the fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held in July 2012 new measures for deepening the practical cooperation between China and Africa and charted the direction and areas of the cooperation in the next three years. As committed at the Conference, China will implement measures in relation to economic cooperation and trade promotion in three priority areas, i.e. expanding cooperation in investment and financing, increasing development assistance and supporting the African integration process.
In light ofthe development pursuit of African countries and the need of practical China-Africa cooperation, the new measures focus on development as the theme and cooperation as the main way. While extending existing measures, the new measures highlight the features of “diversification, innovation and sustainability” and aim to boost economic growth in Africa through the collaboration between Chinese and African governments, non-governmental organizations, businesses, financial institutions, think tanks, and the press. These new measures indicate the great importance attached to the traditional China-Africa friendship and the good will to upgrade bilateral commercial cooperation for common development.
The Chinese government will work closely with African countries to implement economic cooperation and trade promotion measures adopted at the Ministerial Conference in a bid to help African countries improve the livelihood of their people, enhance their capacity for independent development, push ahead with the African integration process, and inject new vitality in the new type of China-Africa strategic partnership.
Priority Area I:China will expand cooperation in investment and financing to support sustainable development in Africa. China will provide 20 billion dollars of credit line to African countries to assist them in developing infrastructure, agriculture, manufacturing and small and medium-sized enterprises.
Policy reading:
To implement what was agreed at the fourth Ministerial Conference of the FOCAC, the Chinese government has since 2010 provided to Africa USD 10 billion worth of concessional loans. China also replenished the China-Africa Development Fund and earmarked loans for small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa. Such measures have supported the efforts by African countries in building transport, power, communications and housing projects, increased Chinese investment in Africa, promoted the growth of African SMEs, cemented Africa’s foundation for self-reliant economic development and improved Africa’s competitive position in the world economy. They were widely applauded by African countries. In recent years, infrastructure, agriculture, manufacturing and SMEs have become top development priorities for Africa and important enablers for Africa’s economic transition and upgrading and sustainable development. To support these sectors, the Chinese government will add USD 20 billion of credit line for African countries. The funds will first target joint projects in those sectors for which Africa has a funding shortfall. The 20-billion-dollar credit facility consists of concessional loans and commercial loans. The concessional loan portion exceeds the 10-billion-dollar commitment made at the 4th FOCAC ministerial conference. The 20-billion-dollar facility is not pre-allocated per country. The actual type and amount of credit provided depends on the project proposed by the African side and the result of assessment. The African applicant is advised to pre-screen and prioritize the projects for which loans are being applied by aligning projects with the chief mandate of the loan facility. It should also coordinate with the Chinese side to make sure any agreed project can be implemented without delay. Meanwhile, China will further leverage the role of the China-Africa Development Fund to mobilize more Chinese companies to invest in Africa.
Priority Area II: China will continue to increase assistance to Africa to bring the benefits of development to African people. China will build more agricultural technology demonstration centers as necessary to help African countries improve food production, processing, storage and distribution. China will send 1,500 medical personnel to Africa and continue with the Brightness Action to provide free medical treatment for cataract patients in Africa. China will implement the African Talents program to train 30,000 Africans of various professions and offer 18,000 government-sponsored scholarships. China will establish vocational and technical training facilities in Africa and provide aid on cultural facility. China will assist African countries in capacity building in meteorological infrastructure, forest protection and management. China will continue to aid well-drilling and water supply projects in Africa.
Policy reading:
1. Assistance to Africa will be further expanded. Africa is a major recipient of China’s development assistance. Despite rapid economic growth and improvement of people’s livelihood in recent years, Africa still faces serious development challenges and the daunting task of attaining the UN Millennium Development Goals. To help speed up economic and social development in Africa, the Chinese government, to the best of its capacity, will continue to assist Africa as per the needs of African countries and increase such assistance where appropriate, with a focus on improving African people’s livelihood and accelerating public service and infrastructure building. Taking into consideration their actual needs and the priorities of China’s assistance, African countries can coordinate with Chinese embassies and economic and commercial counsellor’s offices, and make specific project proposals in s areas such as agriculture, medical services, public health, culture, education, human resources training and environmental protection. They are also encouraged to work closely with their Chinese partners in project selection, negotiation and execution so as to ensure timely implementation of the projects.
2. Chinese assistance in establishing agro-technology demonstration centers. Agriculture is not only the foundation of people’s subsistence but also a pillar industry and priority for most African countries. Food security has direct bearing on poverty reduction, development and stability in Africa. The Chinese government has always valued substantive cooperation with Africa on agriculture. Since the FOCAC Beijing Summit in 2006, the Chinese government has established 15 agricultural technology demonstration centers in Africa, and now plans to set up 7 more. It will fulfill the commitment of “increasing the number of agricultural technology demonstration centers in Africa to 20” by the end of this year. Through these centers, the Chinese government could better understand the needs of various African countries, share and disseminate management expertise and know-how regarding agriculture production, and help Africa enhance capacity for self-reliant development. Taking stock of the previous work of agricultural technology demonstration centers, the Chinese government will plan and implement in the next three years a number of new agricultural technology demonstration center projects, so as to further strengthen technology training and demonstration with a focus on improving grain production, processing, storage, transportation and marketing capacity of African countries.
Third, the ‘Brightness Action’ will be continued. Medical and health care has been one of the priority areas in China’s assistance to African countries. Over the years, China has provided a large amount of aid to Africa to help improve local medical conditions and people’s health. Since the FOCAC Beijing Summit in 2006, China has helped build 30 hospitals and 30 malaria prevention and treatment centers as promised. It has also provided medical equipment and materials, and artemisinin in light of the need of African countries. In the meantime, relevant Chinese agencies, companies and medical institutions have carried out the ‘Brightness Action’ through various channels to treat cataract patients in Africa, a move delivering encouraging results and applauded by the locals. To step up cooperation in this area, more medical teams will be sent to continue the ‘Brightness Action’ in the next three years, providing free treatment to help African patients regain sight. China will also provide cataract diagnosis and treatment equipment and offer clinical training on cataract treatment to medical personnel from Africa in a bid to help improve the quality of ophthalmological care in African countries. In this way, the medical cooperation will be more effective and sustainable in bringing benefits to African people.
Forth, the ‘African Talents Program’ will be implemented. The Chinese government attaches importance to the cooperation with African countries on human resources development. At the FOCAC Beijing Summit and the Fourth Ministerial Conference, it pledged to help train 15,000 and 20,000 personnel in various sectors respectively. The actual numbers of people trained were more than 16,000 and 20,000 respectively in over 20 areas, including trade, diplomacy, defense, public administration, health care, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, education, radio and television broadcasting, science and technology, culture, environmental protection, telecommunications, transport, finance and energy. Such training has gone a long way to promoting Africa’s capacity for independent development. To scale up cooperation in this direction, the Chinese government will continue to provide training to 30,000 personnel in various fields for Africa in the coming three years, with a particular focus on the sectors much needed for the continent’s economic and social development.
5．Vocational and technical training facilities will be established. Africa boasts a large, young workforce. Helping them to get jobs by improving their vocational skills will translate the demographic dividend into an engine for growth, thus promoting social stability and economic development. In the next three years, China will provide assistance in vocational training for African countries in light of their conditions, in the form of building infrastructure, providing equipment and materials, and sending experts or carrying out technical cooperation. These measures aim to help African youths acquire vocational skills and thus increase employment rate in Africa. Echoing the Millennium Development Goals which call for empowering women, China will arrange training programs especially for African women.
6. Cultural facilities will be developed. Since the FOCAC Beijing Summit, China and Africa have engaged in frequent cultural exchanges. China has provided assistance by building schools, sending teachers and youth volunteers to teach Chinese, sending performance troupes, and cooperating in archeological expeditions and cultural relic restoration. These have further deepened the mutual understanding between the Chinese and African people, and consolidated our traditional friendship. In the next three years, China will scale up cultural assistance to relevant African countries by building cultural facilities and carrying out personnel exchanges and project cooperation in such sectors as radio, television, press and publication.
7. Meteorological infrastructure facilities and forest protection equipment will be provided. Protecting eco-environment and tackling climate change is already a global issue. To deal with it, Africa in particular needs assistance in capital, technology and human resources from the international community. An advocate of harmonious, sustainable and common development, China has always attached importance to environmental protection in its trade and economic cooperation with Africa. Having accumulated some experience in meteorological observation and forest protection, China is willing to share its experience with Africa and provide every possible help based on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. To this end, China will provide African countries with automatic meteorological observation stations, upper-air observation radar stations and forest protection facilities as well as carry out exchanges of personnel and organize training programes in the next three years in order to enhance Africa’s capacity for tackling climate change and protecting forest.
8. Well-drilling and water supply projects will be aided in Africa. At present many African countries are still facing the severe challenge of water shortage and drinking water safety. About 300 million people live in Africa without enough water, and over 40% of residents in sub-Saharan Africa are short of clean drinking water. At the fourth Ministerial Conference of FOCAC held in 2009, China announced 100 assistance projects on clean energy, well-drilling and water supply in Africa. Progress has been made in the implementation of these projects. By far, China has carried out 46 well-drilling and water supply projects which played a positive role in helping African people mitigate the shortage of water. In the next three years, China will continue to implement well-drilling and water supply projects in Africa and enable access to clean and safe drinking water for more African people.
Priority Area III: China will support the African integration process and help Africa enhance capacity for overall development. China will establish a partnership with Africa on transnational and trans-regional infrastructural development, support related project planning and feasibility studies, and encourage capable Chinese businesses and financial institutions to take part in transnational and trans-regional infrastructural development in Africa. We will also help African countries upgrade customs and commodity inspection facilities to promote intra-regional trade facilitation.
Policy Reading:
1. We will engage in cooperation on transnational and trans-regional infrastructure projects. In recent years, as the economic integration process accelerates in Africa, the status of Africa as a whole has been rising in the global political and economic landscape. African countries are paying increasing attention to the fundamental role of transnational and trans-regional projects in economic development. The Chinese government has always been supportive of the joint efforts of the African Union and African countries towards greater strength. Our cooperation on building transnational and trans-regional infrastructure projects enjoys sound conditions and broad prospects. China will prioritize the demands of African countries or African regional organizations in building transnational and trans-regional projects based on project urgency and conditions available for project launch, and provide help on project planning, feasibility studies and engineering designs of certain key projects with mature conditions. We will also encourage capable Chinese companies and financial institutions to take part in project construction and explore new financing models with an aim to help Africa enhance capacity for overall development.
2. We will work to promote Africa’s intra-regional trade facilitation. Intra-regional trade is an important internal driver for Africa to achieve take-off as a whole, as well as a key factor in enabling sound and sustained economic growth in Africa. Intra-regional trade now takes up a relatively small share in Africa’s overall trade yet holds great potential. China is willing to provide necessary support, share our development experiences, and work together with African countries to cope with the impacts of changing trade situations outside the region as well as the financial crisis. In the coming three years, China will provide assistance to relevant African countries in the areas of customs clearance facilitation and commodity inspection equipment and carry out personnel training, so as to help African countries upgrade customs and commodity inspection facilities and improve their capacities in customs clearance management and commodity inspection and quarantine.
新举措密切结合新形势下非洲国家的发展诉求和中非务实合作的需要，以发展为主题、以合作为主线，既是以往举措的延续，又突出了“多元、创新、可持续”的特点，充分发挥中非双方政府、民间、企业、金融机构、智库和媒体的合力，携手助力非洲经济增长，体现了中方高度重视中非传统友好、全面提升经贸合作水平、致力双方共同发展的良好愿望。
中国政府将和非洲国家共同努力、密切配合，认真落实本届部长级会议经贸举措的各项内容，帮助非洲国家改善民生、提升自主发展能力、推进一体化进程，不断为中非新型战略伙伴关系注入新的活力。
举措一、扩大投融资合作，为非洲可持续发展提供助力。提供200亿美元贷款额度，重点支持非洲基础设施、农业、制造业和中小企业发展。
政策解读：为落实中非合作论坛第四届部长级会议成果，2010年至今，中国政府向非洲提供了100亿美元优惠性质贷款，中方还扩大了中非发展基金的规模，设立了非洲中小企业发展专项贷款，支持了非洲国家在交通、电力、通讯、房建等各领域的建设，促进了中国对非投资的扩大和非洲中小企业的成长，巩固了非洲经济发展的基础，增强了非洲自主发展能力，提升了非洲在全球经济格局中的竞争力，受到了非方的普遍欢迎。近年来，基础设施、农业、制造业和中小企业已成为非洲国家亟待发展的领域，也是中非经贸合作实现转型升级和可持续发展的重点方向。为此，中国政府将继续向非洲国家提供200亿美元的贷款额度，重点支持双方在上述领域深入开展合作，缓解非洲在发展过程中资金不足的困难。200亿美元贷款额度由优惠性质贷款和商业贷款两部分组成，其中优惠性质贷款比第四届部长级会议优惠性质贷款100亿美元的规模有所增加。200亿美元贷款额度不按国别划分，实际提供的贷款种类和金额根据非方所提项目实际情况和评估结果确定。非方可结合自身经济发展规划，根据中方贷款的重点支持方向，加强对申请贷款项目的科学筛选，分出轻重缓急，与中方共同确保项目早日落实。
举措二：继续扩大对非援助，使发展成果惠及非洲百姓。适当增加援非农业技术示范中心，帮助非洲国家提高粮食生产、加工、储运和销售能力；派遣1500名医疗队员；继续开展“光明行”活动，为非洲白内障患者提供免费治疗；实施“非洲人才计划”，为非洲培训各类人才3万名，提供政府奖学金名额18000个；援助职业技术培训设施；援助文化设施；帮助非洲国家加强气象基础设施能力建设和森林保护与管理；继续援助打井供水项目。
政策解读：
1、继续扩大对非援助。非洲是中国对外发展援助的重点地区之一。近年来，非洲经济保持了较快增长速度，人民生活得到有效改善，但发展问题依然严峻，实现联合国千年发展目标的任务仍然艰巨。为支持非洲国家经济社会加快发展，中国政府将根据非方要求，继续提供力所能及的援助，并适当扩大援助规模，重点帮助非洲国家改善民生和加快各类公共服务和基础设施建设。非方可结合自身实际需要，与中国驻非洲国家使馆和经济商务参赞处密切沟通和协调，根据中方援助重点，提出农业、医疗、卫生、文化、教育、人才培训和环境保护等领域的具体项目需求，在项目选择、协议商签和项目实施等环节加强配合，确保有关项目早日落实。
2、援非农业技术示范中心。农业是民生之本，也是大部分非洲国家的支柱产业和优先发展领域，粮食安全事关非洲的发展稳定和脱贫减困。中国政府一贯重视与非洲在农业领域开展实质性合作，2006年中非合作论坛北京峰会以来，中国政府已在非洲援助建成了15个农业技术示范中心，正在规划实施另外7个农业技术示范中心，年内将兑现把“为非洲国家援建农业技术示范中心的数量增至20个”的承诺。通过农业技术示范中心，中国政府结合非洲国家的不同需求，传授推广农业生产管理经验和实用技术，帮助非洲加快提高农业自主发展能力。未来三年，中国政府将在总结现有农业技术示范中心工作的基础上，根据非洲国家实际情况，再安排实施适当数量的农业技术示范中心项目，进一步加强技术培训和示范推广，重点帮助非洲国家提高粮食生产、加工、储运和销售能力。
3、继续开展“光明行”活动。医疗卫生一直是中国对非援助的重点领域之一。长期以来，为帮助非洲国家改善医疗卫生条件，提高人民健康水平，中国向非洲提供了大量的医疗卫生领域援助。2006年中非合作论坛北京峰会以来，中方根据非洲国家的实际需求，已按照承诺在非洲援助了30所医院和30个疟疾防治中心，并提供了医疗设备物资和青蒿素抗疟药品。同时，中国有关部门、企业和医疗机构通过多种渠道，在非洲成功开展了治疗白内障患者的“光明行”活动，受到非洲民众的广泛欢迎，取得良好效果。为进一步加强中非在医疗卫生领域的合作，未来三年，中方将向有关非洲国家派遣医疗专家组继续开展“光明行”活动，为白内障患者提供免费治疗，帮助非洲患者重见光明。同时，中方还将提供白内障诊疗设备，安排非方有关医护人员来华接受白内障治疗临床培训，帮助非洲提高眼科医疗水平，使中非医疗合作更有效、更长久地服务于非洲人民。
4、实施“非洲人才计划”。中国政府高度重视与非洲国家在人力资源开发领域开展合作。在中非合作论坛北京峰会和第四届部长级会议上，中国政府分别承诺为非洲培训各类人才1.5万名和2万名，实际培训人数分别超过1.6万名和2万名，涵盖了经贸、外交、国防、公共行政管理、医疗卫生、农林牧渔业、教育、广电、科技、文化、环保、电信、交通、金融、能源等20多个领域，极大地促进了非洲自主发展能力建设。为继续加强中非之间的人力资源开发合作，未来三年，中国政府将继续为非洲培训各类人才3万名，重点培训非洲经济社会发展所急需的各领域人才。
5、援助职业技术培训设施。非洲青年劳动力数量众多，通过提高青年人职业技能，促进劳动力充分就业，是推动非洲国家社会经济稳定发展、将非洲人口红利转化为发展优势的有效途径。未来三年，中方将根据非洲实际情况，为有关非洲国家援助职业技术培训设施，包括援建基础设施、提供设备物资、派遣专家或开展技术合作等，重点帮助非洲青年掌握劳动技能，促进非洲就业率的提升。同时，为推动非洲实现联合国千年发展目标，提高非洲妇女就业能力，中方将专门安排针对非洲妇女从业技能的培训项目。
6、援助文化设施。中非合作论坛北京峰会以来，中非文化交流互动频繁，中方通过援助各类学校、派遣援外汉语教师和青年志愿者、派遣文艺演出团组、合作开展考古及文物修复等工作，进一步深化了中非人民之间的相互认知和了解，巩固了中非传统友谊。今后三年，中方将通过向非洲有关国家援助文化设施、开展广播电视、新闻出版等领域人员交流与项目合作等方式，进一步加大对非洲文化领域发展的援助力度。
7、援助气象设施和森林保护设备。生态环境保护和应对气候变化已成为全球发展所面临的共同课题，非洲在这一领域尤其需要国际社会在资金、技术和人才方面给予帮助。中国在气象监测、森林保护领域积累了一定成功经验，在中非经贸合作中一贯重视保护非洲的生态环境，始终倡导和谐与可持续的共同发展理念，并愿在“共同但有区别”的原则基础上，与非方分享相关经验，提供力所能及的帮助。为此，中方将在未来三年向有关非洲国家援助自动气象观测站、高空观测雷达站等设施，并提供森林保护设备，开展人员交流和研讨培训，以支持非洲加强应对气候变化和森林保护能力的努力。
8、援助打井供水项目。目前许多非洲国家还面临着较为严重的缺水和饮用水安全问题，约有3亿非洲人民生活在缺水的困境中，撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲地区有40%以上的居民缺少洁净饮用水。在2009年中非合作论坛第四届部长级会议上，中方宣布了援助非洲100个清洁能源和打井供水项目，这些项目落实进展顺利，其中实施了46个打井供水项目，为帮助非洲人民缓解吃水难问题发挥了积极作用。今后三年，中方将继续在非洲实施打井供水项目，帮助更多非洲人民获得清洁、安全的饮用水。
举措三：支持非洲一体化建设，帮助非洲提高整体发展能力。与非方建立非洲跨国跨区域基础设施建设合作伙伴关系，为项目规划和可行性研究提供支持，鼓励有实力的中国企业和金融机构参与非洲跨国跨区域基础设施建设；帮助非洲国家改善海关、商检设施条件，促进区域内贸易便利化。
政策解读：
1、开展跨国跨区域基础设施项目合作。近年来，随着非洲经济一体化进程的加速，非洲作为一个整体在世界政治经济格局中的地位不断上升，非洲各国政府愈发重视跨国跨区域项目在经济发展进程中的基础性作用。中国政府一贯支持非盟和非洲国家联合自强的努力，双方在跨国跨区域基础设施项目建设领域具有良好的合作条件和广阔的合作前景。对于非洲国家或区域组织提出的跨国跨区域基础设施项目建设需求，中方今后将根据项目的轻重缓急和项目实施所具备的条件，对较为成熟的重点项目帮助开展规划、可行性研究和工程设计等相关工作，并鼓励有实力的中国企业和金融机构参与项目的建设，探讨参与合作的融资新模式，进一步帮助非洲提高整体发展能力。
2、促进非洲区域内贸易便利化。非洲区内贸易的发展是非洲整体实现腾飞的重要内生动力，也是非洲经济健康、持续增长的关键因素之一。目前，区内贸易在非洲贸易总额中所占的比重仍然较低，发展潜力很大。中方愿在该领域向非方提供必要支持，分享发展经验，与非洲共同抵御区域外贸易形势变化和金融危机带来的冲击。今后三年，中方将帮助非洲有关国家改善海关和商检设施的条件，开展相关人员培训，提高非洲通关管理和检验检疫能力。
On behalf of the Chinese government, President Hu Jintao announced at the fifth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held in July 2012 new measures for deepening the practical cooperation between China and Africa and charted the direction and areas of the cooperation in the next three years. As committed at the Conference, China will implement measures in relation to economic cooperation and trade promotion in three priority areas, i.e. expanding cooperation in investment and financing, increasing development assistance and supporting the African integration process.
In light ofthe development pursuit of African countries and the need of practical China-Africa cooperation, the new measures focus on development as the theme and cooperation as the main way. While extending existing measures, the new measures highlight the features of “diversification, innovation and sustainability” and aim to boost economic growth in Africa through the collaboration between Chinese and African governments, non-governmental organizations, businesses, financial institutions, think tanks, and the press. These new measures indicate the great importance attached to the traditional China-Africa friendship and the good will to upgrade bilateral commercial cooperation for common development.
The Chinese government will work closely with African countries to implement economic cooperation and trade promotion measures adopted at the Ministerial Conference in a bid to help African countries improve the livelihood of their people, enhance their capacity for independent development, push ahead with the African integration process, and inject new vitality in the new type of China-Africa strategic partnership.
Priority Area I:China will expand cooperation in investment and financing to support sustainable development in Africa. China will provide 20 billion dollars of credit line to African countries to assist them in developing infrastructure, agriculture, manufacturing and small and medium-sized enterprises.
Policy reading:
To implement what was agreed at the fourth Ministerial Conference of the FOCAC, the Chinese government has since 2010 provided to Africa USD 10 billion worth of concessional loans. China also replenished the China-Africa Development Fund and earmarked loans for small and medium-sized enterprises in Africa. Such measures have supported the efforts by African countries in building transport, power, communications and housing projects, increased Chinese investment in Africa, promoted the growth of African SMEs, cemented Africa’s foundation for self-reliant economic development and improved Africa’s competitive position in the world economy. They were widely applauded by African countries. In recent years, infrastructure, agriculture, manufacturing and SMEs have become top development priorities for Africa and important enablers for Africa’s economic transition and upgrading and sustainable development. To support these sectors, the Chinese government will add USD 20 billion of credit line for African countries. The funds will first target joint projects in those sectors for which Africa has a funding shortfall. The 20-billion-dollar credit facility consists of concessional loans and commercial loans. The concessional loan portion exceeds the 10-billion-dollar commitment made at the 4th FOCAC ministerial conference. The 20-billion-dollar facility is not pre-allocated per country. The actual type and amount of credit provided depends on the project proposed by the African side and the result of assessment. The African applicant is advised to pre-screen and prioritize the projects for which loans are being applied by aligning projects with the chief mandate of the loan facility. It should also coordinate with the Chinese side to make sure any agreed project can be implemented without delay. Meanwhile, China will further leverage the role of the China-Africa Development Fund to mobilize more Chinese companies to invest in Africa.
Priority Area II: China will continue to increase assistance to Africa to bring the benefits of development to African people. China will build more agricultural technology demonstration centers as necessary to help African countries improve food production, processing, storage and distribution. China will send 1,500 medical personnel to Africa and continue with the Brightness Action to provide free medical treatment for cataract patients in Africa. China will implement the African Talents program to train 30,000 Africans of various professions and offer 18,000 government-sponsored scholarships. China will establish vocational and technical training facilities in Africa and provide aid on cultural facility. China will assist African countries in capacity building in meteorological infrastructure, forest protection and management. China will continue to aid well-drilling and water supply projects in Africa.
Policy reading:
1. Assistance to Africa will be further expanded. Africa is a major recipient of China’s development assistance. Despite rapid economic growth and improvement of people’s livelihood in recent years, Africa still faces serious development challenges and the daunting task of attaining the UN Millennium Development Goals. To help speed up economic and social development in Africa, the Chinese government, to the best of its capacity, will continue to assist Africa as per the needs of African countries and increase such assistance where appropriate, with a focus on improving African people’s livelihood and accelerating public service and infrastructure building. Taking into consideration their actual needs and the priorities of China’s assistance, African countries can coordinate with Chinese embassies and economic and commercial counsellor’s offices, and make specific project proposals in s areas such as agriculture, medical services, public health, culture, education, human resources training and environmental protection. They are also encouraged to work closely with their Chinese partners in project selection, negotiation and execution so as to ensure timely implementation of the projects.
2. Chinese assistance in establishing agro-technology demonstration centers. Agriculture is not only the foundation of people’s subsistence but also a pillar industry and priority for most African countries. Food security has direct bearing on poverty reduction, development and stability in Africa. The Chinese government has always valued substantive cooperation with Africa on agriculture. Since the FOCAC Beijing Summit in 2006, the Chinese government has established 15 agricultural technology demonstration centers in Africa, and now plans to set up 7 more. It will fulfill the commitment of “increasing the number of agricultural technology demonstration centers in Africa to 20” by the end of this year. Through these centers, the Chinese government could better understand the needs of various African countries, share and disseminate management expertise and know-how regarding agriculture production, and help Africa enhance capacity for self-reliant development. Taking stock of the previous work of agricultural technology demonstration centers, the Chinese government will plan and implement in the next three years a number of new agricultural technology demonstration center projects, so as to further strengthen technology training and demonstration with a focus on improving grain production, processing, storage, transportation and marketing capacity of African countries.
Third, the ‘Brightness Action’ will be continued. Medical and health care has been one of the priority areas in China’s assistance to African countries. Over the years, China has provided a large amount of aid to Africa to help improve local medical conditions and people’s health. Since the FOCAC Beijing Summit in 2006, China has helped build 30 hospitals and 30 malaria prevention and treatment centers as promised. It has also provided medical equipment and materials, and artemisinin in light of the need of African countries. In the meantime, relevant Chinese agencies, companies and medical institutions have carried out the ‘Brightness Action’ through various channels to treat cataract patients in Africa, a move delivering encouraging results and applauded by the locals. To step up cooperation in this area, more medical teams will be sent to continue the ‘Brightness Action’ in the next three years, providing free treatment to help African patients regain sight. China will also provide cataract diagnosis and treatment equipment and offer clinical training on cataract treatment to medical personnel from Africa in a bid to help improve the quality of ophthalmological care in African countries. In this way, the medical cooperation will be more effective and sustainable in bringing benefits to African people.
Forth, the ‘African Talents Program’ will be implemented. The Chinese government attaches importance to the cooperation with African countries on human resources development. At the FOCAC Beijing Summit and the Fourth Ministerial Conference, it pledged to help train 15,000 and 20,000 personnel in various sectors respectively. The actual numbers of people trained were more than 16,000 and 20,000 respectively in over 20 areas, including trade, diplomacy, defense, public administration, health care, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, education, radio and television broadcasting, science and technology, culture, environmental protection, telecommunications, transport, finance and energy. Such training has gone a long way to promoting Africa’s capacity for independent development. To scale up cooperation in this direction, the Chinese government will continue to provide training to 30,000 personnel in various fields for Africa in the coming three years, with a particular focus on the sectors much needed for the continent’s economic and social development.
5．Vocational and technical training facilities will be established. Africa boasts a large, young workforce. Helping them to get jobs by improving their vocational skills will translate the demographic dividend into an engine for growth, thus promoting social stability and economic development. In the next three years, China will provide assistance in vocational training for African countries in light of their conditions, in the form of building infrastructure, providing equipment and materials, and sending experts or carrying out technical cooperation. These measures aim to help African youths acquire vocational skills and thus increase employment rate in Africa. Echoing the Millennium Development Goals which call for empowering women, China will arrange training programs especially for African women.
6. Cultural facilities will be developed. Since the FOCAC Beijing Summit, China and Africa have engaged in frequent cultural exchanges. China has provided assistance by building schools, sending teachers and youth volunteers to teach Chinese, sending performance troupes, and cooperating in archeological expeditions and cultural relic restoration. These have further deepened the mutual understanding between the Chinese and African people, and consolidated our traditional friendship. In the next three years, China will scale up cultural assistance to relevant African countries by building cultural facilities and carrying out personnel exchanges and project cooperation in such sectors as radio, television, press and publication.
7. Meteorological infrastructure facilities and forest protection equipment will be provided. Protecting eco-environment and tackling climate change is already a global issue. To deal with it, Africa in particular needs assistance in capital, technology and human resources from the international community. An advocate of harmonious, sustainable and common development, China has always attached importance to environmental protection in its trade and economic cooperation with Africa. Having accumulated some experience in meteorological observation and forest protection, China is willing to share its experience with Africa and provide every possible help based on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”. To this end, China will provide African countries with automatic meteorological observation stations, upper-air observation radar stations and forest protection facilities as well as carry out exchanges of personnel and organize training programes in the next three years in order to enhance Africa’s capacity for tackling climate change and protecting forest.
8. Well-drilling and water supply projects will be aided in Africa. At present many African countries are still facing the severe challenge of water shortage and drinking water safety. About 300 million people live in Africa without enough water, and over 40% of residents in sub-Saharan Africa are short of clean drinking water. At the fourth Ministerial Conference of FOCAC held in 2009, China announced 100 assistance projects on clean energy, well-drilling and water supply in Africa. Progress has been made in the implementation of these projects. By far, China has carried out 46 well-drilling and water supply projects which played a positive role in helping African people mitigate the shortage of water. In the next three years, China will continue to implement well-drilling and water supply projects in Africa and enable access to clean and safe drinking water for more African people.
Priority Area III: China will support the African integration process and help Africa enhance capacity for overall development. China will establish a partnership with Africa on transnational and trans-regional infrastructural development, support related project planning and feasibility studies, and encourage capable Chinese businesses and financial institutions to take part in transnational and trans-regional infrastructural development in Africa. We will also help African countries upgrade customs and commodity inspection facilities to promote intra-regional trade facilitation.
Policy Reading:
1. We will engage in cooperation on transnational and trans-regional infrastructure projects. In recent years, as the economic integration process accelerates in Africa, the status of Africa as a whole has been rising in the global political and economic landscape. African countries are paying increasing attention to the fundamental role of transnational and trans-regional projects in economic development. The Chinese government has always been supportive of the joint efforts of the African Union and African countries towards greater strength. Our cooperation on building transnational and trans-regional infrastructure projects enjoys sound conditions and broad prospects. China will prioritize the demands of African countries or African regional organizations in building transnational and trans-regional projects based on project urgency and conditions available for project launch, and provide help on project planning, feasibility studies and engineering designs of certain key projects with mature conditions. We will also encourage capable Chinese companies and financial institutions to take part in project construction and explore new financing models with an aim to help Africa enhance capacity for overall development.
2. We will work to promote Africa’s intra-regional trade facilitation. Intra-regional trade is an important internal driver for Africa to achieve take-off as a whole, as well as a key factor in enabling sound and sustained economic growth in Africa. Intra-regional trade now takes up a relatively small share in Africa’s overall trade yet holds great potential. China is willing to provide necessary support, share our development experiences, and work together with African countries to cope with the impacts of changing trade situations outside the region as well as the financial crisis. In the coming three years, China will provide assistance to relevant African countries in the areas of customs clearance facilitation and commodity inspection equipment and carry out personnel training, so as to help African countries upgrade customs and commodity inspection facilities and improve their capacities in customs clearance management and commodity inspection and quarantine.
